Laboratory identification – hallmark reactions of Pseudomonas aeruginosa: Which biochemical profile is characteristic of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and supports its identification in clinical specimens?

Introduction / Context:
Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a major opportunistic pathogen, especially in burns, ventilator-associated pneumonia, and cystic fibrosis. Rapid recognition in the lab hinges on a constellation of phenotypic traits that, together, point strongly to this species.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• Characteristic pigments: pyocyanin (blue-green), often with pyoverdine (yellow-green fluorescence).
• Glucose metabolism: oxidative in Hugh–Leifson OF medium, not fermentative.
• Oxidase test: positive in most isolates.

Concept / Approach:
No single test is definitive, but the combination of oxidase positivity, oxidative glucose use, and pyocyanin production is highly suggestive of P. aeruginosa. Odor (grape/corn tortilla) and growth at 42 °C add further support. Selecting the comprehensive option captures the diagnostic picture.

Step-by-Step Solution:
List key reactions (pyocyanin, oxidative metabolism, oxidase +). Recognize that these are classic for P. aeruginosa. Choose “All of these.” Confirm with additional tests (42 °C growth, nitrate reduction) as needed.

Verification / Alternative check:
Clinical microbiology references consistently emphasize this triad for presumptive identification before automated systems report IDs.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:
Picking any single reaction ignores the composite diagnostic value; “none” contradicts well-known phenotype.

Common Pitfalls:
Confusing pigment-negative Pseudomonas or other nonfermenters with P. aeruginosa; use the full panel when pigment is absent.

Final Answer:
All of these.