Output polarity range: Which class of DACs can generate both positive and negative analog output values (about a defined zero level)?

Introduction / Context:
Some applications require signals that swing around a zero reference, such as audio waveforms or servo commands. DACs designed for such use must support both positive and negative outputs. The correct terminology distinguishes these from unipolar-only devices that output one polarity relative to ground.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• We consider the DAC’s native output range, not a later level-shifting stage.
• A defined midscale corresponds to approximately zero volts in a bipolar configuration.
• Reference and amplifier networks are arranged to support two-polarity swing.

Concept / Approach:
A bipolar DAC or bipolar output configuration can produce both positive and negative voltages with respect to ground (or another reference), typically using dual supplies or level-shifting around a midscale reference. Unipolar DACs output from zero to a positive full-scale (or zero to a negative full-scale) and cannot cross zero without added analog conditioning.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Verification / Alternative check:
Datasheets specify ranges like “±10 V bipolar” versus “0 to 10 V unipolar,” confirming the terminology used in practice.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:

Common Pitfalls:
Assuming any DAC can be made bipolar without considering headroom, references, and amplifier rails.

Final Answer:
Bipolar