In database technology, what is a Relational Database Management System (RDBMS) and what are some of its key features?

Introduction / Context:
Relational Database Management Systems, or RDBMS, are widely used to store and manage structured data in applications ranging from banking to e commerce. Common examples include Oracle Database, MySQL, PostgreSQL and SQL Server. In technology interviews, candidates are often asked to define RDBMS and describe its core features. This question checks whether you understand the relational model and standard capabilities of an RDBMS.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• The term RDBMS refers to systems based on the relational model proposed by E F Codd.
• Data is organised logically as relations, typically represented by tables.
• Users interact with the database using SQL or similar query languages.

Concept / Approach:
An RDBMS stores data in tables with rows representing records and columns representing attributes. Relationships between tables are implemented using primary keys and foreign keys, and integrity constraints help maintain consistency. RDBMS products also provide transaction management with ACID properties, ensuring that operations are atomic, consistent, isolated and durable. The correct option therefore needs to mention relational tables, SQL support, relationships and transactional features.

Step-by-Step Solution:
Step 1: Recall that relational databases use tables, rows and columns as the core storage structure.Step 2: Identify that RDBMS products support SQL for querying and manipulating data.Step 3: Recognise that keys and constraints enforce relationships and maintain data integrity, while ACID transactions ensure safe multi step operations.Step 4: Option A describes all these aspects clearly, mentioning the relational model, tables, SQL, keys, constraints and ACID transactions.Step 5: Options B, C and D do not describe relational databases at all, so option A is correct.

Verification / Alternative check:
Standard database textbooks define an RDBMS as a database management system that is based on the relational data model and uses a declarative query language such as SQL. They highlight features such as data independence, integrity constraints and support for concurrent transactions. Option A aligns with these definitions, confirming its accuracy as a summary of what an RDBMS is.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:
Option B describes a plain file system without the structure, query language or constraints that make up an RDBMS. Option C refers to a graphical tool for drawing network diagrams, which is unrelated to database management. Option D talks about operating systems in general, which can host databases but are not themselves RDBMS.

Common Pitfalls:
Some learners confuse RDBMS with generic DBMS and forget to mention the relational model and keys. Others mix up SQL with the database engine itself. It is also common to forget ACID properties when describing features. In interviews, always mention tables, SQL, keys and constraints and ACID transactions as the core features of RDBMS technology.

Final Answer:
A database management system based on the relational model that stores data in tables with rows and columns, supports SQL, enforces relationships through keys and constraints and provides ACID transactions.