Difficulty: Easy
Correct Answer: A central processing unit (CPU) implemented on a single integrated circuit (IC) chip
Explanation:
Introduction / Context:
A clear definition of “microprocessor” is foundational to digital systems, embedded design, and computer engineering. Many learners confuse microprocessors with entire computers or with fixed-function chips. This item tests the precise architectural meaning of the term.
Given Data / Assumptions:
Concept / Approach:
A microprocessor integrates the arithmetic logic unit (ALU), control unit, and registers into a single integrated circuit. It executes instruction streams fetched from memory, but the chip itself is not the whole computer. Surrounding components (RAM, ROM/flash, I/O, clocks, power) complete a microprocessor-based system. Fixed programs “burned in” characterize microcontrollers or ROM contents, not the definition of a microprocessor itself.
Step-by-Step Solution:
Identify what constitutes a computer vs. a CPU.Note that the CPU on one IC is the microprocessor.Reject statements that equate a microprocessor with a whole computer or with a non-programmable device.Select the exact definition: CPU on a single IC chip.
Verification / Alternative check:
Vendor datasheets (for example, x86 or ARM cores in SoCs) describe the CPU as part of a larger system. Development boards add memory and peripherals, validating that the microprocessor is the CPU, not the entire computer.
Why Other Options Are Wrong:
(a) A computer is a complete system; a microprocessor is only the CPU. (c) Microprocessors execute arbitrary programs from memory; they are not inherently fixed-program devices. (d) Combines incorrect statements. (e) Not applicable because a correct definition exists.
Common Pitfalls:
Confusing microprocessor (CPU) with microcontroller (CPU + memory + peripherals on one chip) or with a full microcomputer system.
Final Answer:
A central processing unit (CPU) implemented on a single integrated circuit (IC) chip
Discussion & Comments