Welding vs riveted joints: Compared to an equivalent riveted joint, a properly designed welded joint has what relative strength under static loading?

Introduction / Context:
Permanent joints connect machine or structural elements. Riveted joints were once standard, but welding often replaces them due to weight savings, strength, and fabrication speed. Knowing the comparative strength guides design choices.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• Joints are designed to good practice (adequate weld size, correct electrode/procedure, quality control).
• Static loading comparison; fatigue and inspection concerns are considered separately.
• Parent material properties are compatible with the weld process.

Concept / Approach:
Welding creates near-continuous joints that distribute load across the entire faying surface. Riveting introduces holes that reduce net section and create stress concentrations. Thus, for similar geometry and materials, a welded joint can achieve higher net static strength at lower weight.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Verification / Alternative check:
Historical transitions in bridges/boilers/shipbuilding from rivets to welding were driven by higher strength-to-weight and lower fabrication time.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:

• Same: ignores net-section loss in riveted joints.
• Less: only true if welding is defective; not an inherent limitation.

Common Pitfalls:
Confusing static strength with fatigue performance; weld toes can be fatigue-critical if not designed properly.

Final Answer:
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