Dead-load allowance in wall footing estimates: As a rule of thumb in preliminary design, the self-weight of a foundation is taken as approximately what percentage of the supported wall weight?

Introduction / Context:
Preliminary sizing and load estimation often rely on practical thumb rules before detailed analysis. One such rule is to approximate the self-weight of footings and pedestals as a percentage of the wall or column load to account for dead load in foundation design and settlement checks.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• Common masonry or concrete wall resting on a spread footing.
• Preliminary stage estimate; detailed design will refine self-weight.
• Typical densities and footing proportions assumed.

Concept / Approach:

Experience indicates that the self-weight of a footing is a modest fraction of the superimposed load. A frequently used allowance is around 10% of the supported load for initial calculations, sufficient for sizing area and checking bearing pressure prior to exact quantity computations.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Verification / Alternative check:

Detailed weight can be computed later from dimensions and density. Preliminary designs using 10% typically converge to final solutions with minor adjustments.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:

5%–7% may understate the footing mass for common proportions; 12%–15% is conservative and may overestimate, reducing economy. The commonly cited mid-range value is 10%.

Common Pitfalls:

Persisting with the rule of thumb into final design; ignoring pedestals, grade beams, or backfill loads; not adjusting for unusually thick or deep footings.

Final Answer:

10% of wall weight