Syllogism (set inclusion): Decide which conclusion(s) logically follow from the statements. Statements: S1: All the harmoniums are instruments. S2: All the instruments are flutes. Conclusions: C1: All the flutes are instruments. C2: All the harmoniums are flutes. Choose the correct option.
Verbal Reasoning
Syllogism
Difficulty: Easy
Choose an option
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AOnly conclusion I follows.
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BOnly conclusion II follows.
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CBoth I and II follow.
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DNeither I nor II follows.
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EBoth (1) and (2) follow
Answer
Correct Answer: Only conclusion II follows.
Explanation
Given data
- S1: Harmoniums ⊆ Instruments.
- S2: Instruments ⊆ Flutes.
- Conclusions: C1 “All flutes are instruments,” C2 “All harmoniums are flutes.”
Concept / Approach Subset chaining: If A ⊆ B and B ⊆ C, then A ⊆ C. Converse statements are not guaranteed.
Testing conclusions From S1 and S2: Harmoniums ⊆ Instruments ⊆ Flutes ⇒ Harmoniums ⊆ Flutes ⇒ C2 is true. C1 is the converse of S2 (claims Flutes ⊆ Instruments). S2 only gives Instruments ⊆ Flutes, not the reverse ⇒ C1 is not guaranteed.
Final Answer Only conclusion II follows.