Statement: All papers are clips. Some chips are boards. Some boards are lanes. All lanes are roads. Conclusions: I. Some roads are boards. II. Some lanes are chips III. Some boards are papers IV. Some roads are chips.

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Some boards are lanes + All lanes are roads = I + A = I = Some boards are roads → Conversion → Some roads are boards (I). Hence I follows. Some chips are boards + Some boards are lanes = I + I = No conclusion Hence II and IV does not follow. All papers are clips + Some chips are boards = I + A = No conclusion Hence II and IV does not follow.

Statement: All papers are clips. Some chips are boards. Some boards are lanes. All lanes are roads. Conclusions: I. Some roads are boards. II. Some lanes are chips III. Some boards are papers IV. Some roads are chips.

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