Some rings are doors + All doors are windows = I + A = I = Some rings are windows → Conversion → Some windows are rings(I) Hence II follows. All stones are hammers + No hammer is a ring = A + E = E No stones is a ring → conversion → No ring is a stone (E) Hence IV does not follows. No stone is a ring + Some rings are doors = E + I = O* = Some windows are not stones Hence either I or II follows as they form a complementary I-E pair.