I. At the end of the admission season, a considerably large number of seats across all specializations in the engineering colleges are lying vacant . II. Engineering colleges are sprucing up their infrastructure and attracting more qualified teachers.

• If statement I is the cause and statement II is its effect
• If statement II is the cause and statement I is its effect
• If both the statements I and II are independent causes.
• If both the statements I and II are effects of independent causes.