One-word substitution (preferential treatment to relatives): Choose the exact term for the practice of giving undue favors, jobs, or advantages to one's own relatives. Context: The term is commonly discussed in ethics, governance, and HR policy. Instruction: Select the most accurate single-word substitute.

Given data

• Definition: giving undue favours to one's own kith and kin.
• Need: a precise term focused on relatives.

Concept / Approach
Nepotism is favoritism based specifically on family ties (nephews/relatives). It is a subset of favoritism and may constitute corruption in governance contexts.

Elimination
Nepotism — favoritism toward relatives; precise. ✅Favouritism — general bias; not limited to family. ❌Worldliness — concern with material/temporal life; unrelated. ❌Corruption — broad abuse of power for benefit; not necessarily family-based. ❌

Example
‘‘Hiring his cousin over qualified applicants was clear nepotism.’’

Final Answer
Nepotism