If cos(π/4) - tan(π/4) = x, then x is equal to which numerical expression?

Difficulty: Easy

Correct Answer: (1 - √2) / √2

Explanation:


Introduction / Context:
This question tests your knowledge of exact trigonometric values at special angles and manipulation of simple surd expressions. The angle π/4 corresponds to 45 degrees, for which the values of sine, cosine and tangent are well known. The goal is to compute cos(π/4) - tan(π/4) exactly and then match this value with one of the given algebraic surd expressions.


Given Data / Assumptions:

  • cos(π/4) - tan(π/4) = x.
  • cos(π/4) = √2 / 2.
  • tan(π/4) = 1.
  • We assume standard trigonometric values in radians.


Concept / Approach:
First evaluate cos(π/4) and tan(π/4) numerically in terms of square roots. Then subtract to find x. After that, simplify x algebraically and compare it with the provided options. In many aptitude questions, equivalent surd forms are used as answer choices, so this comparison step is important.


Step-by-Step Solution:

Step 1: Use the standard value cos(π/4) = √2 / 2. Step 2: Use the standard value tan(π/4) = 1. Step 3: Compute x = cos(π/4) - tan(π/4) = (√2 / 2) - 1. Step 4: Rewrite 1 as √2 / √2 to express the subtraction with a common surd base. Step 5: Note that (1 - √2) / √2 = (1/√2) - 1. Step 6: But 1/√2 can be written as √2 / 2, which is exactly cos(π/4). Step 7: Therefore (1 - √2) / √2 = (√2 / 2) - 1 = x. Step 8: Thus x matches the expression (1 - √2) / √2.


Verification / Alternative check:
Approximate the values numerically. cos(π/4) is about 0.707 and tan(π/4) is exactly 1, so x is approximately -0.293. Now compute (1 - √2) / √2 numerically: √2 is about 1.414, so 1 - √2 is about -0.414, and dividing by 1.414 gives roughly -0.293. The two values match closely, confirming the equality.


Why Other Options Are Wrong:

(2√2 - 1) / 2: gives a positive value close to 0.9, which does not match x. (√3 + 4) / (2√3) and 5 / √3: are larger and unrelated surd values. (√2 - 2) / 2: although similar in structure, it equals (√2 / 2) - 1, divided by 2 again, which is not the same as x.


Common Pitfalls:
Students sometimes confuse radians and degrees, but here π/4 is clearly a standard radian angle. Another mistake is to treat 1 as 2/2 instead of matching the surd denominator. Working carefully with surds and keeping the same denominator is crucial for correctly comparing expressions.


Final Answer:
(1 - √2) / √2

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