Stone Masonry – Identifying the type with equal course heights What is the name of the rubble masonry in which stones are roughly dressed to the same height and laid in distinct horizontal layers (courses)?

Introduction / Context:
Stone masonry is classified by the finish of stones and the regularity of courses. Understanding the distinctions helps in specifying workmanship, estimating labour, and ensuring structural and aesthetic targets are met.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• Material: rubble stones (not fully dressed ashlar blocks).
• Stones are dressed to approximately equal heights within each course.
• Masonry is laid in recognizable horizontal layers.

Concept / Approach:
“Coursed rubble masonry” uses roughly dressed stones with bed joints made approximately level so that distinct courses are visible. This contrasts with “uncoursed rubble” where stones of varying heights are placed without continuous courses, and with “ashlar” where stones are finely dressed to precise dimensions with very thin joints.

Step-by-Step Solution:
Check material quality: rubble (irregular, roughly dressed).Check arrangement: stones within a course of similar height ⇒ courses formed.Select the term that matches both: coursed rubble masonry.

Verification / Alternative check:
Construction handbooks illustrate coursed rubble as intermediate in finish and cost between uncoursed rubble and ashlar masonry.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:

• Random/uncoursed rubble: lacks distinct horizontal courses.
• Ashlar masonry: uses finely dressed, dimensionally accurate stones, not rubble.
• Polygonal rubble: defined by irregular polygonal faces, not necessarily equal course heights.

Common Pitfalls:
Confusing ashlar (high-precision) with well-dressed rubble; the joint thickness and unit regularity clearly differentiate them.

Final Answer:
Coursed rubble masonry