Difficulty: Easy
Correct Answer: Thinner (volatile solvent to adjust viscosity and aid brushing)
Explanation:
Introduction / Context:
Paints contain several components: pigment, binder (vehicle), solvent/thinner, driers, and additives. Identifying the function of common ingredients is fundamental to coating selection and application on site.
Given Data / Assumptions:
Concept / Approach:
Thinners reduce viscosity for application, improve flow and leveling, and evaporate to leave the binder and pigment as a coherent film. Turpentine is well-known as a traditional thinner for oil-based paints and varnishes.
Step-by-Step Solution:
Classify turpentine as a volatile solvent.Relate solvent function: viscosity control and film formation upon evaporation.Exclude roles of vehicle/base/drier which are chemically and functionally different.
Verification / Alternative check:
Manufacturer data sheets list recommended thinner types and dilution levels, confirming turpentine’s solvent role.
Why Other Options Are Wrong:
Vehicle is the binder, not a volatile solvent. Base refers to pigment extenders like whiting. Drier are metal soaps, not solvents.
Common Pitfalls:
Over-thinning can cause runs, poor hiding, and slow film development—always follow specified dilution percentages.
Final Answer:
Thinner (volatile solvent to adjust viscosity and aid brushing)
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