Initiating a systems investigation: which organizational triggers commonly lead to starting a formal investigation?

Introduction / Context:
Systems investigations begin when a problem, opportunity, or risk is recognized. Triggers can be top-down (management mandate), periodic (governance reviews), or bottom-up (analyst discovery). Recognizing these paths ensures issues are captured and prioritized instead of festering unnoticed.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• Organizations follow governance calendars for audits and reviews.
• Managers escalate needs when objectives or constraints shift.
• Analysts monitor systems and propose investigations proactively.

Concept / Approach:
Healthy IT governance allows multiple entry points for change: management sponsorship, scheduled assessments, and analyst-led discovery. Having several triggers reduces blind spots and shortens time-to-action when conditions change.

Step-by-Step Solution:
Evaluate each listed trigger for plausibility and common practice.Observe that all are legitimate pathways to a formal investigation charter.Select “All of the above.”

Verification / Alternative check:
Project intake processes typically reference manager requests, compliance calendars, and analyst recommendations in their initiation forms—confirming all three as valid sources.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:
Restricting initiation to a single source slows response and ignores established governance. “None” is incorrect because each listed trigger is recognized in practice.

Common Pitfalls:
Failing to document origin and success metrics; launching investigations without scope or sponsor leads to drift and wasted effort.

Final Answer:
All of the above