Single-point tool nomenclature: In the standard ASA system, how many elements make up a complete tool signature?

Introduction / Context:
Tool signature concisely specifies the geometry of a single-point cutting tool. The American Standards Association (ASA) system uses a sequence of angles and a radius to fully define the tool's cutting geometry for setup and replication.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• ASA tool signature convention is used.
• Angles are measured in a specified reference plane.
• Nose radius is included as a distinct element.

Concept / Approach:
A complete ASA signature has seven elements: back rake angle, side rake angle, end relief angle, side relief angle, end cutting edge angle, side cutting edge angle, and nose radius. Together, they govern chip flow, cutting forces, surface finish, and tool strength.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Verification / Alternative check:
Compare with other systems (e.g., ORS/NRS) which use different reference planes but contain equivalent geometric information; ASA specifically enumerates seven elements.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:

• Two, four, or five elements omit key angles or the nose radius, giving an incomplete definition.

Common Pitfalls:
Confusing rake with relief; rake directs chip flow, relief prevents rubbing. Omitting nose radius leads to chatter and poor finish prediction.

Final Answer:
Seven