Application logic components in multi-tier systems: Which trio names the three primary components of application logic most commonly referenced in system design?

Introduction / Context:
Logical separation clarifies responsibilities and enables scaling. Most system designs describe three application logic components that align with how requests are handled and persisted across tiers.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• Design targets multi-tier web or enterprise systems.
• We are naming logical responsibilities, not physical machines.
• Each component can map to one or more tiers.

Concept / Approach:

The canonical trio is Presentation (UI/interaction), Processing (business logic/computation), and Storage (data persistence). “Client” is a role rather than a logic component; “Network” is infrastructure, not application logic.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Verification / Alternative check:

Map to MVC and 3-tier patterns: View ~ Presentation, Controller/Service ~ Processing, Model/Repository ~ Storage.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:

Options containing “Client” mix roles with logic; “Network” is not application logic.

Common Pitfalls:

Conflating physical deployment (tiers) with logical responsibilities; overloading the database with business logic.

Final Answer:

Presentation, Processing, and Storage