Multi-state versus binary logic: “Digital systems using a 10-state system are more accurate than those using a two-state (binary) system.” Evaluate this claim in the context of noise immunity and practical design.

Introduction / Context:
Digital systems can, in theory, encode information with many discrete levels, but practical digital electronics overwhelmingly use binary. This choice balances simplicity, speed, cost, and robust noise margins.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• Claim compares a 10-state system to a 2-state system.
• Real interconnects have noise, skew, crosstalk, and finite thresholds.
• Goal is reliable detection under non-ideal conditions.

Concept / Approach:
As the number of logic states increases for a fixed supply voltage, the spacing between valid levels shrinks, reducing noise margins and making detection harder and slower. Binary reserves large margins between LOW and HIGH, enabling higher speed and reliability. “Accuracy” in digital computation depends on word length and algorithms, not the number of voltage states per wire.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Verification / Alternative check:
Industry practice (TTL/CMOS, high-speed serial links) uses binary line coding and increases accuracy by word length and error-control coding, not 10 discrete DC levels per wire.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:
Correct: Opposite to engineering practice.

“Only true at very low speeds” / “Only with ideal wires” are impractical caveats that do not justify the general claim.

Common Pitfalls:
Confusing numeric base with physical voltage-level count. Decimal arithmetic in software does not require 10 physical voltage levels on the bus.

Final Answer:
Incorrect