In this English vocabulary question on synonyms, choose the option that best expresses the meaning of the given word "Pragmatic".

Introduction / Context:
This vocabulary question examines your understanding of the adjective "pragmatic", a common word in discussions of policy, management, and everyday problem solving. To answer correctly, you must recall whether "pragmatic" refers to theory, perfection, simplicity, or a practical, realistic approach to situations.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• Word to be explained: "Pragmatic".
• Options:
  • theoretical
  • realistic
  • perfect
  • simple
  • idealistic
• We assume the word is used in its usual sense describing a person, policy, or approach.

Concept / Approach:
"Pragmatic" describes an attitude or approach that is practical and focused on what works in reality, rather than what is ideal, purely theoretical, or overly optimistic. A pragmatic person or solution emphasizes effectiveness and feasibility over abstract principles. Therefore, the best synonym among the options is the one that expresses grounded, practical thinking: "realistic". Words like "theoretical" and "idealistic" actually contrast with "pragmatic".

Step-by-Step Solution:
Step 1: Recall that a "pragmatic approach" is often contrasted with an "idealistic" or "purely theoretical" approach. Step 2: Evaluate "theoretical". This refers to ideas and concepts that may not yet be tested in real life; in many contexts, "theoretical" is opposed to "practical" or "pragmatic". Step 3: Evaluate "realistic". This means dealing with things in a sensible and practical way, based on what is actually possible, which aligns closely with "pragmatic". Step 4: Evaluate "perfect". This refers to absolute flawlessness and does not capture the focus on practicality or feasibility. Step 5: Evaluate "simple". This means easy or uncomplicated, but a pragmatic solution might actually be complex; simplicity is not the key feature here. Step 6: Evaluate "idealistic". This describes focusing on high ideals and what ought to be, sometimes ignoring practical constraints; it is almost the opposite of "pragmatic". Step 7: Therefore, "realistic" is the best synonym for "pragmatic" among the options.

Verification / Alternative check:
Consider example sentences: "We need a pragmatic plan to reduce traffic" can be rephrased as "We need a realistic plan to reduce traffic" without changing the core meaning. But if you replace "pragmatic" with "idealistic" or "theoretical", the nuance shifts to emphasise ideas or ideals rather than practical action. This shows that "realistic" overlaps most closely in meaning with "pragmatic".

Why Other Options Are Wrong:

• theoretical: Focuses on abstract ideas, not on practical implementation; often contrasted with "pragmatic".
• perfect: Refers to flawlessness, not practicality or realism.
• simple: Refers to ease or lack of complexity, not necessarily to a practical, workable approach.
• idealistic: Emphasises ideals and what should be, often without considering real world constraints; the opposite of "pragmatic" in many contexts.

Common Pitfalls:
Students sometimes confuse "pragmatic" with "simple" or "perfect", thinking that practical solutions must be easy or flawless. In reality, a pragmatic solution may be imperfect or complex but still workable and realistic. Associating "pragmatic" with "practical" and "realistic" will help you remember its meaning for future reading passages and exam questions.

Final Answer:
The word "Pragmatic" is closest in meaning to "realistic".