Surface grinding primarily produces which type of surface on a workpiece?

Introduction / Context:
Surface grinding is a finishing process using a rotating abrasive wheel to produce precise dimensions and fine finishes. The setup, machine kinematics, and wheel types define the surfaces that can be produced reliably. Understanding the default capability of a surface grinder is essential when choosing processes in a routing plan.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• Typical horizontal-spindle or vertical-spindle surface grinder.
• Work held by magnetic chuck or mechanical fixtures.
• Standard straight or cup wheels.

Concept / Approach:
Surface grinders are designed to produce accurate flat surfaces by traversing the work under a rotating wheel across a plane. While fixtures or table tilt can produce slight tapers, the principal output is a truly flat plane with tight geometric tolerances on flatness and parallelism. Cylindrical and internal grinding are handled by different machines designed for round geometries.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Verification / Alternative check:
Process capability charts classify surface grinding under planar finishing processes, with alternative machines (cylindrical, internal, centerless) for round features.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:

• Tapered surfaces: possible by intentional tilt, but not the default or “primary.”
• Internal cylindrical holes: require internal grinders, not surface grinders.
• External cylindrical surfaces: done on cylindrical grinders.

Common Pitfalls:
Using the wrong machine for round features; neglecting wheel selection and dressing for required finish and flatness tolerances.

Final Answer:
flat surface