Difficulty: Easy
Correct Answer: All of these
Explanation:
Introduction / Context:
Ceramic cutting tools, often alumina or mixed ceramics, occupy a niche for high-speed finishing on cast irons and hardened steels due to excellent hot hardness and chemical stability. Understanding their manufacture and properties helps in correct application.
Given Data / Assumptions:
Concept / Approach:
Ceramics are produced by powder metallurgy routes: pressing fine powders into shape (often cold) and then sintering at high temperatures. They are supplied as tips/inserts for toolholders. Their brittleness and lower transverse rupture strength necessitate stable, continuous cuts—yet they excel at high speeds where carbides wear quickly.
Step-by-Step Solution:
Manufacture: cold pressing + sintering yields dense alumina-based tools.Form factor: delivered as indexable inserts for easy changeover.Property: brittle with low bending strength relative to carbides; avoid heavy interruptions.
Verification / Alternative check:
Supplier catalogs and texts list ceramics for high-speed finishing of cast irons and hardened steels, cautioning against severe impact.
Why Other Options Are Wrong:
“None of these” contradicts standard ceramic tool characteristics; each individual statement is accurate.
Common Pitfalls:
Using ceramics on interrupted cuts, applying coolant that induces thermal shock, or insufficiently rigid setups causing chipping.
Final Answer:
All of these
Discussion & Comments