Radiation sterilization: For which of the following materials is gamma irradiation appropriate and widely used?

Introduction:
Gamma irradiation is a low-temperature terminal sterilization method that penetrates packaging and dense materials, making it ideal for many single-use medical devices. Selecting appropriate items for gamma sterilization is essential for manufacturing and hospital supply chains.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• Items listed are commonly made from polymers and are heat-sensitive.
• Gamma rays can sterilize through the final package.
• We are asked which items are suitable for gamma sterilization.

Concept / Approach:
Catheters, plastic syringes, and cannulas are classic examples of products sterilized by ionizing radiation at industrial facilities (e.g., Co-60). Gamma provides deep penetration and does not require high temperatures, preserving polymer integrity when appropriately validated. In contrast, reusable surgical steel instruments are typically steam-sterilized; they can tolerate autoclaving and do not require gamma.

Step-by-Step Solution:
Match gamma benefits: low-temperature, through-packaging, deep penetration. Identify disposable polymer devices: catheters, syringes, cannulas. Select the inclusive option covering all three.

Verification / Alternative check:
Industry standards document gamma or e-beam sterilization as common for polymeric, single-use medical devices.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:

• Individual items alone: Incomplete because all three are suitable.
• Surgical steel instruments (reusable): Typically sterilized by steam; gamma is unnecessary and uncommon in hospitals.

Common Pitfalls:
Assuming all instruments require the same method; material compatibility and packaging dictate method choice.

Final Answer:
All of these (catheters, plastic syringes, cannulas) are appropriate for gamma sterilization.