In reinforced concrete construction, when bars need to be continued beyond standard stock length, which type(s) of splice connection are commonly used to obtain the required greater length?

Introduction / Context:
Reinforcing bars are supplied in standard lengths. On site, members often exceed these lengths, so bars must be spliced to continue reinforcement safely and effectively. Understanding splice types is vital for detailing and construction sequences.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• Need to extend bar length beyond standard stock.
• Common field methods are acceptable under code provisions.
• Quality of lap lengths, hooks, and dowels is properly ensured.

Concept / Approach:
There are three widely recognized splice categories for tension/compression bars in R.C.C.: straight lap splices, hooked splices, and dowel splices. The choice depends on bar diameter, space constraints, required development length, and location (tension or compression zone).

Step-by-Step Solution:
Enumerate typical splice forms: straight lap, hooked, dowel.Check compatibility with bar size, cover, and detailing rules for development length.Conclude that all listed methods are used in practice when properly designed.

Verification / Alternative check:
Codes and detailing manuals contain lap splice requirements, hook dimensions, and dowel splice practices that confirm all three are legitimate techniques.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:

• Picking only one splice type ignores site constraints and varied detailing situations.

Common Pitfalls:
Insufficient lap length; placing splices at sections with highest tension; ignoring confinement ties for large bar splices.

Final Answer:
All of the above