Difficulty: Easy
Correct Answer: None follows
Explanation:
Introduction / Context:
This problem is a classic illustration that chaining several “some” statements does not justify concluding overlap among the first and last sets. Each “some” could refer to disjoint subgroups that never meet.
Given Data / Assumptions:
Concept / Approach:
With only particular affirmatives, intersections need not align. You cannot infer transitive overlap for “some.” Likewise, universal statements like “All horses are rabbits” cannot be derived from a single “some.”
Step-by-Step Solution:
Verification / Alternative check:
The single countermodel suffices to show none of the four conclusions is logically necessary given the premises.
Why Other Options Are Wrong:
Common Pitfalls:
Illegally chaining “some” statements; confusing “some” with “all.”
Final Answer:
None follows
Discussion & Comments