Syllogism — Tigers, Lions, Rabbits, Horses Statements: • Some tigers are lions. • Some lions are rabbits. • Some rabbits are horses. Conclusions: I. Some tigers are horses. II. Some rabbits are tigers. III. Some horses are lions. IV. All horses are rabbits.

Difficulty: Easy

Correct Answer: None follows

Explanation:


Introduction / Context:
This problem is a classic illustration that chaining several “some” statements does not justify concluding overlap among the first and last sets. Each “some” could refer to disjoint subgroups that never meet.



Given Data / Assumptions:

  • There exists Tiger ∩ Lion.
  • There exists Lion ∩ Rabbit.
  • There exists Rabbit ∩ Horse.


Concept / Approach:
With only particular affirmatives, intersections need not align. You cannot infer transitive overlap for “some.” Likewise, universal statements like “All horses are rabbits” cannot be derived from a single “some.”



Step-by-Step Solution:

Construct a countermodel: Let T∩L contain element a; L∩R contain element b (with b ≠ a); R∩H contain element c (c ≠ b, a). All premises hold. However, T∩H may be empty ⇒ Conclusion I fails.R∩T can be empty ⇒ Conclusion II fails.H∩L can be empty ⇒ Conclusion III fails.Only “some rabbits are horses” was given; “All horses are rabbits” is much stronger and not implied ⇒ Conclusion IV fails.


Verification / Alternative check:
The single countermodel suffices to show none of the four conclusions is logically necessary given the premises.



Why Other Options Are Wrong:

  • Any option listing I–IV assumes forced overlaps that the premises do not guarantee.


Common Pitfalls:
Illegally chaining “some” statements; confusing “some” with “all.”



Final Answer:
None follows

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