According to Indian Census data used in many examinations, which one among the following states has the highest density of population (people per square kilometre) among the options given?

Introduction / Context:
Population density, defined as the number of people per square kilometre, is a key indicator in population geography. It reflects how crowded a region is and affects infrastructure, resource use, and planning. In India, some states have very high population densities, while others are much more sparsely populated. This question asks you to identify which state among the given options is recognised in many exam oriented summaries as having the highest population density.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• The states listed are Bihar, Kerala, Punjab, and Uttar Pradesh.
• We refer to commonly cited census data where states like Bihar and West Bengal appear with very high densities.
• The density measure is people per square kilometre of area.
• We assume that the question uses standard census rankings in which Bihar is at or near the top in population density among large states.

Concept / Approach:
Bihar is one of the most densely populated states in India, with more than a thousand people per square kilometre in recent census rounds. Uttar Pradesh has a very large population but also a larger area, so its density, while high, is typically lower than that of Bihar. Kerala is densely populated compared to many states but does not reach Bihar extremely high figures. Punjab also has a relatively high density but again is usually ranked below Bihar. Therefore, among the options provided, Bihar is the state with the highest population density.

Step-by-Step Solution:
Step 1: Recall that Bihar and West Bengal are often highlighted as states with extremely high population density in India.Step 2: Among the options given, West Bengal is not present, leaving Bihar as the likely candidate.Step 3: Compare Bihar with Uttar Pradesh. Both are populous, but Bihar has a smaller land area, leading to a higher density figure.Step 4: Compare Bihar with Kerala. Kerala is densely populated but, in census tables, its density is usually lower than that of Bihar.Step 5: Compare Bihar with Punjab. Punjab density is high due to intensive agriculture and urbanisation, but again, it typically does not exceed Bihar.Step 6: Therefore, Bihar is correctly identified as the state with the highest density among the options.

Verification / Alternative check:
Population tables in exam guides that summarise census findings usually provide a list of states by population density. Bihar often appears at or near the top with values above 1000 persons per square kilometre, while Uttar Pradesh, Kerala, and Punjab show lower figures. When mock questions ask for the most densely populated state among a similar set of options, Bihar is consistently the correct answer. This repeated pattern across multiple sources verifies the selection.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:
Kerala: Although it has a significant population density, it is generally lower than Bihar extremely high density values.

Punjab: This state has a relatively high density but not the highest in the country or among the options listed.

Uttar Pradesh: Despite being the most populous state in absolute numbers, its density is reduced by its large land area and does not match Bihar figure.

Common Pitfalls:
A frequent mistake is to assume that the state with the largest total population must also have the highest density, which ignores differences in area. Another error is to associate density primarily with southern or coastal states. Remembering that Bihar and West Bengal stand out for extremely high densities helps you quickly identify Bihar as the correct answer when West Bengal is not among the choices.

Final Answer:
Among the options given, Bihar has the highest population density.