SQL concepts and command categories: Which of the following is NOT a Data Definition Language (DDL) command, but instead belongs to Data Manipulation Language (DML)? Choose the single best match.

Introduction / Context:
SQL commands are grouped by purpose: Data Definition Language (DDL) defines and alters structure; Data Manipulation Language (DML) works with the actual row data; Data Control Language (DCL) manages privileges. Being able to classify a command quickly helps avoid unintended structural or permission changes during administration and development.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• We must select the command that is not DDL.
• Only one option should clearly be DML, even though some options may be DCL (privilege management).
• We are choosing the single best match based on common, vendor-neutral SQL usage.

Concept / Approach:
Typical DDL verbs include CREATE, ALTER, DROP, TRUNCATE, RENAME, and COMMENT. DML includes SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE, and MERGE. DCL includes GRANT and REVOKE. Therefore, the one that is definitively DML (and thus “not DDL”) is UPDATE. RENAME is a classic DDL verb, while GRANT and REVOKE are DCL; the question asks specifically for the DML outsider to DDL.

Step-by-Step Solution:
List DDL verbs: CREATE, ALTER, DROP, TRUNCATE, RENAME.List DML verbs: SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, DELETE.List DCL verbs: GRANT, REVOKE.Identify the DML verb among the options: UPDATE.

Verification / Alternative check:
Check any SQL reference: UPDATE modifies row values in existing tables and never changes schema. RENAME changes object names (schema operation). GRANT/REVOKE manage permissions, not structure or row data, and are DCL.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:

• RENAME: DDL, alters object identifiers.
• GRANT, REVOKE: DCL (privilege control), not DDL or DML.
• None of the above: Incorrect because one clear DML command is present.

Common Pitfalls:
Assuming “not DDL” must equal DCL; this item specifically targets the DML outsider. Also, confusing UPDATE (row changes) with ALTER (structure changes) leads to migration errors.

Final Answer:
UPDATE