Idioms / Phrases – Choose the option that BEST explains the highlighted expression in context. Sentence: Some people now wonder whether we just pay lip-service or genuinely subscribe to democracy.

Introduction / Context:
The expression “pay lip-service” is a common political and social idiom. It refers to expressing support in words while failing to act in ways that genuinely uphold the stated belief. In debates about democratic values, this idiom questions whether leaders and citizens merely talk about democracy or actually practice it through actions like free elections, rule of law, and civil liberties.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• The clause contrasts “pay lip-service” with “genuinely subscribe to democracy.”
• The core meaning must capture insincere or merely verbal support.
• Only one option should match the idiom precisely.

Concept / Approach:
Idioms must be interpreted non-literally. “Lip-service” highlights the mouth (speech) rather than the hands (action). Therefore the best paraphrase emphasizes superficial or outward respect without substantive backing. The most accurate choice is the one that conveys insincerity or performative agreement rather than actual commitment.

Step-by-Step Solution:
Identify the contrast: “pay lip-service” vs “genuinely subscribe.”Extract the implied meaning: words only, no action.Evaluate options for this nuance.Select the choice that explicitly mentions surface-level respect without real support.

Verification / Alternative check:
Substitute the choice into the sentence: “Some people now wonder whether we just show only outward respect or genuinely subscribe to democracy.” The sentence reads naturally and preserves the intended criticism of performative support.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:

• pay oral tribute: too literal; misses the insincerity aspect.
• attach no value: suggests total disregard rather than hollow praise.
• remain indifferent: implies apathy, not performative endorsement.

Common Pitfalls:
Confusing “lip-service” with respectful praise. The key is hypocrisy or superficiality—saying the right things while doing little or nothing to uphold them.

Final Answer:
show only outward respect