On steep hillslopes, which of the following soil conservation methods most effectively checks soil erosion?

Introduction / Context:

Soil erosion is a major environmental problem, especially on steep hillslopes where rainfall can rapidly wash away topsoil. Geography and environmental science questions frequently ask about different conservation techniques such as terracing, contour ploughing, and afforestation. This question focuses on which method is particularly effective on steep slopes in hilly regions.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• The question is specifically about soil erosion on hillslopes.
• The options are terrace cultivation, contour ploughing, afforestation, and strip cropping.
• Steep slopes promote rapid downhill flow of water and high erosion risk.
• We assume standard definitions of these conservation practices as used in textbooks.

Concept / Approach:

Terrace cultivation, or terracing, involves cutting the hill slope into a series of flat steps or benches. These terraces reduce the length and steepness of the slope, slow down runoff, and give water time to infiltrate the soil. This dramatically reduces erosion and allows crops to be grown on slopes that would otherwise be vulnerable. Contour ploughing, afforestation, and strip cropping also help reduce erosion but are more suited to gentle slopes or plains. On very steep hillslopes, terracing is the most direct and effective method.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Verification / Alternative check:

Soil conservation chapters in geography and agriculture texts illustrate photographs and diagrams of terrace farming in hilly regions like the Himalayas and Western Ghats. They describe how terraces reduce slope length and create level fields. These sources consistently highlight terracing as the key technique for cultivation and erosion control in steep hilly areas. Contour ploughing, strip cropping, and afforestation are discussed as complementary methods but not as the primary solution on steep slopes.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:

Common Pitfalls:

Students may think that all soil conservation methods are equally applicable and may choose afforestation simply because it sounds environmentally friendly. Others may confuse contour ploughing and terrace cultivation, assuming they are the same. It helps to remember that terrace cultivation physically reshapes the hill slope into steps, which is the most characteristic and effective method for controlling erosion and enabling farming on steep hills.

Final Answer:

On steep hillslopes, soil erosion is best checked by terrace cultivation.