Databases and software: which term best describes the software that manages an integrated collection of data with minimal redundancy so multiple applications can use it?

Introduction / Context:
In information systems, the database is the organized collection of data, and the Database Management System (DBMS) is the software layer that defines, stores, manipulates, and controls access to that data with minimal redundancy.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• The question emphasizes “integrated collection of data” usable by different applications.
• We focus on the managing software component, not merely the logical definition or a single file.
• Minimal redundancy, integrity, and sharing imply centralized control and services.

Concept / Approach:
Differentiate the artifacts: a record is a row; a file is a collection of records; a schema is the structural blueprint; the DBMS is the software that provides definition (DDL), manipulation (DML), integrity, security, and concurrency services for the database.

Step-by-Step Solution:
1) Identify the item that provides multi-application access and control.2) Recognize that schema and files do not offer services like transactions, security, or concurrency.3) Select DBMS as the managing software that fulfills these roles.

Verification / Alternative check:
Examples include PostgreSQL, MySQL, Oracle—software systems enabling shared, low-redundancy data access.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:
Record/file: data containers, not management software. Schema: design blueprint, not the executing system. Repository label: vague.

Common Pitfalls:
Confusing “database” (data) with “DBMS” (software). The prompt’s emphasis on enabling use by different applications points to DBMS capabilities.

Final Answer:
Database Management System (DBMS).