Which wildlife sanctuary or national park in India is famous for the conservation of the one horned rhinoceros, and in which state is it located?

Introduction / Context:
The one horned rhinoceros is an iconic large mammal of the Indian subcontinent and a flagship species for conservation efforts. India has taken special measures to protect this animal, especially in certain protected areas. General knowledge questions often focus on matching a famous species with the sanctuary or national park that is best known for its conservation. This question asks you to identify which sanctuary is famous for rhinoceros and the state where it is located.

Given Data / Assumptions:

The animal of interest is the one horned rhinoceros, sometimes called the Indian rhinoceros.
We must match it with the correct protected area and the state where that protected area is located.
The options list combinations of park and state, such as Gir in Gujarat and Kaziranga in Assam.
We assume the current status of major national parks and what species they are known for conserving.

Concept / Approach:
Kaziranga National Park in Assam is world famous for its population of the great one horned rhinoceros. It is a UNESCO World Heritage Site and a key stronghold for this species. Gir National Park in Gujarat is known for Asiatic lions, Ranthambore in Rajasthan for tigers and historic fort ruins, and Jim Corbett National Park in Uttarakhand for tigers and other wildlife. By recalling which park is associated with which flagship animal, we can identify Kaziranga in Assam as the correct answer.

Step-by-Step Solution:
Step 1: Recall that the one horned rhinoceros is most closely associated with the floodplain grasslands of Assam and nearby areas. Step 2: Remember that Kaziranga National Park is located in Assam and is famous for having a very high density of this rhinoceros. Step 3: Recognise that Gir in Gujarat is a sanctuary for Asiatic lions, not rhinoceros. Step 4: Note that Ranthambore in Rajasthan and Corbett in Uttarakhand are leading tiger reserves, not primary rhinoceros habitats. Step 5: Conclude that Kaziranga, Assam is the sanctuary park and state combination associated with the one horned rhinoceros.

Verification / Alternative check:
To verify, think of typical exam pairings: Gir with lions, Kaziranga with rhinoceros, Ranthambore and Corbett with tigers. News reports and documentaries on rhino conservation in India almost always mention Kaziranga as a central site, showing rhinos grazing in tall elephant grass and crossing wetlands. These repeated associations in textbooks and media confirm that Kaziranga in Assam is the correct answer, while the other parks are known for different flagship species.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:
Gir, Gujarat is wrong because it is dedicated primarily to the conservation of the Asiatic lion. Ranthambore, Rajasthan is wrong because it is primarily a tiger reserve and is widely advertised for tiger sightings near its historic fort. Corbett, Uttarakhand is wrong because it is India's first national park and a famous tiger reserve, but not a key rhinoceros habitat. None of these parks serve as the main conservation area for the one horned rhinoceros in the way that Kaziranga does.

Common Pitfalls:
Some students may confuse rhinos with other large mammals and select Gir or Corbett simply because those parks are also well known. Another common oversight is to forget the exact state name associated with a park, for example remembering Kaziranga but not connecting it to Assam. To avoid such errors, it helps to memorise a small table linking each major park with both its flagship species and the state where it is located.

Final Answer:
The sanctuary famous for the one horned rhinoceros is Kaziranga, Assam.