Oral physiology — Saliva contains several protective and digestive components. Which of the following is NOT typically present as a salivary component?

Introduction:
Saliva facilitates digestion, oral lubrication, and host defense. This question tests recognition of the principal constituents of saliva and identification of what is not a standard component secreted by salivary glands.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• Salivary glands secrete water, electrolytes, enzymes, mucins, and immunologic factors.
• Local antimicrobial activity includes lysozyme, lactoferrin, peroxidases, and secretory IgA.
• While hormones can be measured in saliva diagnostically, they are not produced as active endocrine secretions by salivary glands.

Concept / Approach:
Differentiate between substances synthesized/secreted by salivary glands versus systemic hormones that may diffuse into saliva. Enzymes like amylase and protective factors like IgA and lysozyme are core salivary components, whereas endocrine hormones are not secreted by these glands for physiological action in the mouth.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Verification / Alternative check:
Clinical saliva tests detect steroid hormones, but these reflect plasma diffusion, not glandular production for local function.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:

Common Pitfalls:
Confusing detectability in saliva with being a secretory product of salivary glands.

Final Answer:
Hormones (as functional secreted endocrine hormones).