Packed column design: for saddle-type packings (e.g., Berl or Intalox), the maximum individual packing size should not exceed what fraction of the column diameter?

Introduction / Context:
Choosing packing size relative to tower diameter is vital for good distribution and low wall effects. Oversized packings in a small column lead to maldistribution and poor performance, while undersized packings may cause high pressure drop and flooding.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• Saddle-type random packing (Berl/Intalox).
• Conventional liquid distributors; typical gas/liquid loads.
• Objective: a practical upper limit as a fraction of column diameter.

Concept / Approach:
A common rule is that the packing size should be much smaller than the column diameter to ensure many pieces across the cross-section, minimizing edge effects. For many random packings, a conservative guideline is that the maximum packing size be around 1/10–1/15 of the tower diameter; for saddles, the tighter 1/15 rule is often applied to preserve distribution quality.

Step-by-Step Solution:
Relate performance to the count of packing pieces across diameter.Select the most conservative common limit in choices: 1/15.Conclude that 1/15 of the column diameter is a suitable maximum size for saddles.

Verification / Alternative check:
Vendor handbooks often tabulate recommended minimum column diameters for each packing size, which correspond to size/diameter ratios near this range.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:
1/5: too large; causes maldistribution and channeling.1/30 or 1/50: overly small packings increase pressure drop and cost unnecessarily.

Common Pitfalls:
Ignoring distributor design; using the same rule for structured packing (different criteria apply).

Final Answer:
1/15 of column diameter