In computer memory terminology, ROM stands for which of the following?

Introduction / Context:
ROM is one of the fundamental types of computer memory. It is widely used for storing firmware and permanent instructions that a computer needs during startup. The abbreviation ROM appears in almost every discussion of computer hardware, so being able to expand it correctly is an essential part of general computer knowledge.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• The abbreviation under consideration is ROM.
• The options provide four different expansions of ROM.
• We know that ROM is a type of nonvolatile memory primarily used to store fixed program code.
• No calculation is required; this is a conceptual recall question.

Concept / Approach:
ROM is nonvolatile memory that is meant to be read many times but not frequently written or modified during normal operation. Its name reflects this property. The word Read in the expansion indicates data access, the word Only indicates that typical operations do not include writing, and the word Memory indicates that it stores data or instructions. Hence Read Only Memory is the standard and correct expansion.

Step-by-Step Solution:
Step 1: Recall what ROM does: it stores firmware, such as the Basic Input Output System (BIOS) or boot firmware.Step 2: Note that users usually cannot change or rewrite ROM during normal computer use.Step 3: Match these characteristics with the phrases given in the options.Step 4: Observe that the phrase Read Only Memory clearly describes memory that can be read but is not meant to be changed frequently.Step 5: Select Read Only Memory as the correct expansion of ROM.

Verification / Alternative check:
Standard references in computer architecture and hardware design consistently define ROM as Read Only Memory. When you view motherboard documentation or datasheets for memory chips, ROM or its variants such as PROM, EPROM, and EEPROM are always derived from the phrase Read Only Memory. This repeated usage in industry documentation confirms that this expansion is correct.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:
Random Only Memory is incorrect because it misuses the word random, which normally appears in the context of Random Access Memory (RAM). Read Out Memory is not a standard term and does not accurately describe the properties of ROM. Rotation Only Memory does not match any known type of semiconductor or storage device and sounds more like a mechanical property related to disks. Therefore these options are distractors and not correct expansions of ROM.

Common Pitfalls:
Students sometimes confuse ROM and RAM because both abbreviations are short and similar. Another mistake is to guess options that sound technical without verifying whether they appear in actual hardware documentation. Remember that ROM and RAM are fundamentally different, with ROM being nonvolatile and mainly read only, and RAM being volatile and fully readable and writable.

Final Answer:
The correct answer is Read Only Memory, which is the standard expansion of ROM used throughout computer science and electronics.