Naming core promoter elements at -10 and -35 In bacterial genes, the DNA regions located approximately at -10 and -35 relative to the transcription start site are called:

Introduction / Context:
Bacterial transcription initiation relies on conserved promoter motifs. Recognizing these helps distinguish transcriptional from translational signals.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• -35 and -10 elements are characteristic promoter regions.
• They are recognized by sigma factor within the RNA polymerase holoenzyme.

Concept / Approach:
The -10 (Pribnow) and -35 hexamers define the core promoter in many bacterial genes, positioning polymerase and facilitating DNA melting. They are not translation or replication elements.

Step-by-Step Solution:
Identify the location: upstream of the transcription start site at defined negative positions.Associate those with promoter function and sigma recognition.Choose “Promoters.”

Verification / Alternative check:
Mutational changes to these motifs reduce initiation rate; compensatory sigma mutations can restore recognition, confirming promoter identity.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:

• Start codons / Shine–Dalgarno: Translation signals on mRNA, not DNA promoter motifs.
• oriC: The chromosomal origin of replication, unrelated to individual gene promoters.
• Telomeres: Eukaryotic chromosome ends, absent in bacteria.

Common Pitfalls:
Confusing transcription initiation signals with translation initiation sequences.

Final Answer:
Promoters.