Waveform terminology (digital and timing): A rectangular wave having a 50% duty cycle is correctly referred to as which standard waveform shape?

Introduction:
Square and rectangular waves are ubiquitous in digital electronics, timing circuits, and pulse-width modulation. Knowing the precise terminology helps in reading datasheets, setting test equipment, and interpreting signal integrity discussions.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• A periodic rectangular waveform is described.
• Its duty cycle is 50% (the high level persists for half the period).
• Ideal edges (negligible rise/fall time) are implied for the definition.

Concept / Approach:

A “square wave” is a special case of a rectangular wave in which the high and low durations are equal. That is exactly a 50% duty cycle. Other shapes—sawtooth and triangular—feature linear ramps rather than flat high/low intervals.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Verification / Alternative check:

Consult standard signal definitions used in oscilloscopes and function generators: manufacturers define “square” as a rectangular wave with 50% duty cycle, confirming the classification.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:

• ""c"" wave: Not a standard signal category.
• sawtooth wave: Has a linear rise and sudden fall (or vice versa), not two flat levels.
• triangular wave: Has linear rise and linear fall with equal slopes, not flat tops.
• rectified sine wave: Derived from taking the absolute value of a sine wave, not a rectangular pulse train.

Common Pitfalls:

• Calling any rectangular wave “square” even when duty cycle ≠ 50%.
• Ignoring finite rise/fall time effects, which in practice slightly distort ideal shapes.

Final Answer:

square wave