Rearrange the parts P, Q, and R to form a grammatically correct and meaningful sentence: Public goods are P - important as they Q - mitigate the impact of R - income poverty and inequality.

Introduction / Context:
This question tests your ability to rearrange parts of a sentence so that the final sentence is grammatically correct and logically meaningful. Such jumbled sentence questions are common in English sections of competitive exams. Here, the sentence refers to public goods and their role in reducing income poverty and inequality. You must correctly place the segments labelled P, Q and R in a smooth order after the starting phrase Public goods are.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• Fixed beginning: Public goods are.
• P: important as they
• Q: mitigate the impact of
• R: income poverty and inequality
• We need to find the correct sequence among QRP, PQR, RPQ and QPR.

Concept / Approach:
A well formed English sentence typically follows a subject plus verb plus object pattern. The subject here is Public goods, and the main verb phrase should be are important. The expression are important as they logically introduces what public goods do. After that, we need a verb phrase describing their function, and then the object that receives the action. Mitigate the impact of works as a verb phrase, and income poverty and inequality is the object. Therefore, after Public goods are, the natural flow is P (important as they), then Q (mitigate the impact of), and finally R (income poverty and inequality).

Step-by-Step Solution:
Step 1: Start with the base: Public goods are. Step 2: Choose the segment that completes the main idea of the verb to be. P begins with important as they, which fits directly after are, giving Public goods are important as they. Step 3: Next, we need a verb phrase explaining what public goods do. Q starts with mitigate the impact of, which logically follows they, giving they mitigate the impact of. Step 4: Finally, we need an object to complete mitigate the impact of. R is income poverty and inequality, which neatly completes the sentence. Step 5: The complete sentence reads: Public goods are important as they mitigate the impact of income poverty and inequality.

Verification / Alternative check:
Check if any other sequence produces a grammatically correct sentence. For example, QRP would give: Public goods are mitigate the impact of income poverty and inequality important as they, which is incorrect. RPQ would start directly with the object after are, which breaks the sentence. QPR and similar orders fail because the verb and object parts do not line up in a standard English structure. Only PQR produces a smooth, natural sounding sentence. This confirms that PQR is correct.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:

• QRP: Produces Public goods are mitigate the impact of income poverty and inequality important as they, which is ungrammatical and jumbled.
• RPQ: Starts with income poverty and inequality immediately after are, leaving the verb phrase important as they in a wrong position.
• QPR: Gives Public goods are mitigate the impact of important as they income poverty and inequality, which makes no sense and breaks the verb object relation.

Common Pitfalls:
Many students focus only on meaning words like poverty and inequality and try to place them early, neglecting the need for proper verb placement. Another mistake is not checking the full sentence after choosing an order. The reliable method is to first establish the core predicate with the linking verb are, then attach adjectives such as important, and finally add clauses showing cause or effect. Always read the full reconstructed sentence aloud in your mind to ensure that it is logically and grammatically sound.

Final Answer:
The correct order of the parts is PQR, giving the sentence: Public goods are important as they mitigate the impact of income poverty and inequality.