Rearrange the parts of the sentence to form a coherent statement: "So, increasingly, P - paying to provide revenues Q - for the Central government R - the poor have been".

Introduction / Context:
This question tests your skill in rearranging sentence fragments to form a logical and grammatically correct sentence. You are given three labelled parts P, Q, and R that must be placed after the initial words So, increasingly, and before the full stop. The sentence is about who is paying to provide revenues for the Central government. Correctly ordering the parts requires attention to subject, verb, and object relationships.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• Starter: So, increasingly, ...
• P: paying to provide revenues
• Q: for the Central government
• R: the poor have been
• The final sentence should be grammatically complete and meaningful.

Concept / Approach:
To build a proper English sentence, you need a subject, an auxiliary verb, and a main verb phrase, followed by any objects or complements. The fragment the poor have been (R) clearly functions as subject plus auxiliary verb, setting up a present perfect continuous idea. The verb phrase paying to provide revenues (P) naturally follows have been. The phrase for the Central government (Q) is a prepositional phrase that most logically comes last, telling us who receives the revenues. Therefore, the correct order after So, increasingly, is R P Q, producing a coherent and meaningful sentence.

Step-by-Step Solution:
Step 1: Identify the subject and auxiliary: R contains the poor have been, which can start a clause.Step 2: Look for the main verb phrase to follow have been. P provides paying to provide revenues, a continuous form that fits perfectly after have been.Step 3: Add the prepositional phrase that explains for whom the revenues are provided. Q, for the Central government, fits naturally at the end.Step 4: Combine the fragments with the starter: So, increasingly, the poor have been paying to provide revenues for the Central government.Step 5: Check that this sentence is grammatically sound and clearly expresses the idea that the poor are increasingly bearing the tax burden.

Verification / Alternative check:
Test other orders. For example, RQP gives So, increasingly, the poor have been for the Central government paying to provide revenues, which is ungrammatical because the prepositional phrase appears in the middle, breaking the verb phrase. PQR yields So, increasingly, paying to provide revenues for the Central government the poor have been, where the subject appears at the end and the order is unnatural. QPR starts with the prepositional phrase for the Central government, which would attach incorrectly unless the subject is placed earlier. Only RPQ preserves subject auxiliary, main verb phrase, and then prepositional modifier in a logical order.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:
Option B RQP misplaces for the Central government before the verb phrase paying, disrupting the flow and creating confusion. Option C PQR begins with paying to provide revenues, leaving the reader uncertain about who is paying until too late, and it fails to attach have been correctly. Option D QPR starts with for the Central government and then paying to provide revenues, again leaving the subject the poor have been in an awkward position, which does not conform to standard English sentence order.

Common Pitfalls:
Some candidates try to follow the original P, Q, R order mechanically, without checking for a clear subject verb structure. A good strategy for these questions is to locate the fragment that contains the subject and auxiliary (here the poor have been) and place it first among the fragments. Then, locate the main verb phrase to attach after it, and finally place any prepositional phrases. This approach almost always leads to the correct arrangement.

Final Answer:
The correct order is RPQ, giving: So, increasingly, the poor have been paying to provide revenues for the Central government (option A).