Difficulty: Medium
Correct Answer: More information is required; the given data are insufficient to compute true power reliably.
Explanation:
Introduction / Context:
In AC analysis of an RC circuit, “true power” (also called real or active power) is the portion of power that is actually dissipated as heat in the resistive element. Unlike reactive power, which alternately stores and releases energy in the capacitor, true power depends only on the resistive component of the impedance and on the portion of current through it. Correctly identifying whether enough information has been provided is a vital engineering skill that prevents calculation errors and misinterpretation of measurements.
Given Data / Assumptions:
Concept / Approach:
True power for RC circuits is determined by resistive loss only. If only total current or total impedance is known, we still require the power factor cos(phi) to map apparent power S = V_rms * I_rms into real power P = S * cos(phi). Alternatively, we must know the exact voltage across the resistor or the current through the resistor. Without any of these, a unique numeric result cannot be produced responsibly.
Step-by-Step Solution:
Verification / Alternative check:
If a magnitude of impedance Z and the total current I were available, we would still need the power factor to separate true and reactive components. If V_R or I_R were known, P_true could be computed directly. The absence of these confirms indeterminacy.
Why Other Options Are Wrong:
The listed milliwatt values presume specific circuit parameters or a known power factor, which are not given. Selecting any fixed number would be speculative rather than analytical.
Common Pitfalls:
Using apparent power V_rms * I_rms as if it were real power, forgetting that a capacitor shifts the phase and changes power factor; assuming Z alone determines P_true without R or cos(phi).
Final Answer:
More information is required; the given data are insufficient to compute true power reliably.
Discussion & Comments