RC circuit — evaluating real (true) power from incomplete data: In the referenced RC network, the “true power” consumed equals what value? Use the definition P_true = I_rms^2 * R or P_true = V_rms^2 / R (for the resistive branch only). If the source or component values are not fully specified, determine whether a numeric answer can be obtained.

Difficulty: Medium

Correct Answer: More information is required; the given data are insufficient to compute true power reliably.

Explanation:


Introduction / Context:
In AC analysis of an RC circuit, “true power” (also called real or active power) is the portion of power that is actually dissipated as heat in the resistive element. Unlike reactive power, which alternately stores and releases energy in the capacitor, true power depends only on the resistive component of the impedance and on the portion of current through it. Correctly identifying whether enough information has been provided is a vital engineering skill that prevents calculation errors and misinterpretation of measurements.


Given Data / Assumptions:

  • The prompt references a specific circuit but does not specify R, C, source voltage, or the measured current.
  • We are asked for a single numeric value of true power.
  • Acceptable formulas include P_true = I_rms^2 * R (branch current through R) or P_true = V_R_rms^2 / R (voltage across R). For total-circuit values, power factor may be needed.


Concept / Approach:
True power for RC circuits is determined by resistive loss only. If only total current or total impedance is known, we still require the power factor cos(phi) to map apparent power S = V_rms * I_rms into real power P = S * cos(phi). Alternatively, we must know the exact voltage across the resistor or the current through the resistor. Without any of these, a unique numeric result cannot be produced responsibly.


Step-by-Step Solution:

Check for R, C, and source V or I: none provided explicitly.Assess whether power factor or phase angle is given: not provided.Attempt alternative: P_true = I_rms^2 * R requires I_R (resistive-branch current), which is unknown.Conclusion: a unique numeric value cannot be determined from the information supplied.


Verification / Alternative check:
If a magnitude of impedance Z and the total current I were available, we would still need the power factor to separate true and reactive components. If V_R or I_R were known, P_true could be computed directly. The absence of these confirms indeterminacy.


Why Other Options Are Wrong:
The listed milliwatt values presume specific circuit parameters or a known power factor, which are not given. Selecting any fixed number would be speculative rather than analytical.


Common Pitfalls:
Using apparent power V_rms * I_rms as if it were real power, forgetting that a capacitor shifts the phase and changes power factor; assuming Z alone determines P_true without R or cos(phi).


Final Answer:
More information is required; the given data are insufficient to compute true power reliably.

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