Directions: For the Assertion (A) and Reason (R) given below, choose the correct alternative. Assertion (A): Razia Sultan was the daughter of Iltutmish. Reason (R): Iltutmish was a rebel.

Introduction / Context:
This assertion and reason type question tests knowledge of early Delhi Sultanate history and the ability to separate correct factual statements from incorrect ones. It focuses on Razia Sultan, the first and only woman to sit on the throne of the Delhi Sultanate, and her relationship to Iltutmish, one of the important rulers of the Slave Dynasty.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• Assertion (A): Razia Sultan was the daughter of Iltutmish.
• Reason (R): Iltutmish was a rebel.
• The question asks which option correctly states the truth values of A and R and whether R explains A.
• We assume standard school level Indian history as reference for facts about Razia Sultan and Iltutmish.

Concept / Approach:
For assertion and reason questions, we must first decide independently whether the assertion is true or false and whether the reason is true or false. Only after that do we check if the reason correctly explains the assertion. The four main patterns are: both true with explanation, both true without explanation link, assertion true and reason false, or assertion false and reason true. Here, the focus is on dynastic relationships and the characterisation of a ruler as a rebel or as a legitimate monarch.

Step-by-Step Solution:
Step 1: Evaluate Assertion (A). Historical records state that Razia Sultan, also known as Razia al-Din, was indeed the daughter of Sultan Iltutmish, the third ruler of the Slave Dynasty of Delhi. Iltutmish considered her capable and reportedly nominated her as his successor.Step 2: Therefore, Assertion (A), which says Razia Sultan was the daughter of Iltutmish, is true.Step 3: Evaluate Reason (R). The statement says that Iltutmish was a rebel. In mainstream historical accounts, Iltutmish is not primarily known or described as a rebel. He was a former slave who rose to power and became the recognised Sultan of Delhi. He consolidated the empire and gained formal recognition from the Caliph.Step 4: Calling him simply “a rebel” is misleading and does not match standard descriptions of his role; he was a legitimate ruler, not merely a rebel chief. Thus Reason (R) is considered false.Step 5: Since A is true and R is false, the combination that correctly reflects their truth values is “A is true but R is false.”

Verification / Alternative check:
If Iltutmish were commonly presented in textbooks as a rebel leader, the reason might at least be arguable. However, he is consistently presented as a recognised Sultan who stabilised the Delhi Sultanate. His status as Razia father is a basic fact, whereas branding him a rebel contradicts the standard narrative. This reinforces that only the assertion is correct.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:
Option a would require both A and R to be true and R to explain A, which fails because R is not true. Option b also wrongly assumes that R is true. Option d suggests A is false and R is true, which contradicts the well-established fact that Razia was his daughter and the weak historical basis for describing Iltutmish as a rebel.

Common Pitfalls:
Students sometimes label any ruler who once opposed another authority as a “rebel” and treat that vague label as correct. Another mistake is to judge R by whether it sounds dramatic rather than whether it appears in standard exam-oriented history material. Always rely on established textbook facts when answering such questions.

Final Answer:
The correct choice is that Assertion (A) is true but Reason (R) is false.