2. The hoop stress in a riveted cylindrical shell of diameter (d), thickness (t) and subjected to an internal pressure (p) is (where ? = Efficiency of the riveted joint)
4. According to Euler's column theory, the crippling load of a column is given by p = ?2EI/Cl2. In the Euler's formula, the value of C for a column with both ends fixed is 4.
5. When a closely-coiied helical spring of mean diameter (D) is subjected to an axial load (W), the deflection of the spring (?) is given by (where d = Diameter of spring wire, n = No. of turns of the spring, and C = Modulus of rigidity for the spring material)
6. If percentage elongation of a certain specimen made of a material 'A' under tensile test is 30% and the percentage elongation of a specimen with same dimensions made of another material 'B' is 40%, then material 'B' is more ductile than material 'A'.
