Operators and Assignments problems
- 1. What will be the output of the program?
class SC2 { public static void main(String [] args) { SC2 s = new SC2(); s.start(); } void start() { int a = 3; int b = 4; System.out.print(" " + 7 + 2 + " "); System.out.print(a + b); System.out.print(" " + a + b + " "); System.out.print(foo() + a + b + " "); System.out.println(a + b + foo()); } String foo() { return "foo"; } }
Options- A. 9 7 7 foo 7 7foo
- B. 72 34 34 foo34 34foo
- C. 9 7 7 foo34 34foo
- D. 72 7 34 foo34 7foo Discuss
Correct Answer: 72 7 34 foo34 7foo
Explanation:
Because all of these expressions use the + operator, there is no precedence to worry about and all of the expressions will be evaluated from left to right. If either operand being evaluated is a String, the + operator will concatenate the two operands; if both operands are numeric, the + operator will add the two operands.
- 2. What will be the output of the program?
class Bitwise { public static void main(String [] args) { int x = 11 & 9; int y = x ^ 3; System.out.println( y | 12 ); } }
Options- A. 0
- B. 7
- C. 8
- D. 14 Discuss
Correct Answer: 14
Explanation:
The & operator produces a 1 bit when both bits are 1. The result of the & operation is 9. The ^ operator produces a 1 bit when exactly one bit is 1; the result of this operation is 10. The | operator produces a 1 bit when at least one bit is 1; the result of this operation is 14.
- 3. What will be the output of the program?
class Two { byte x; } class PassO { public static void main(String [] args) { PassO p = new PassO(); p.start(); } void start() { Two t = new Two(); System.out.print(t.x + " "); Two t2 = fix(t); System.out.println(t.x + " " + t2.x); } Two fix(Two tt) { tt.x = 42; return tt; } }
Options- A. null null 42
- B. 0 0 42
- C. 0 42 42
- D. 0 0 0 Discuss
Correct Answer: 0 42 42
Explanation:
In the fix() method, the reference variable tt refers to the same object (class Two) as the t reference variable. Updating tt.x in the fix() method updates t.x (they are one in the same object). Remember also that the instance variable x in the Two class is initialized to 0.
- 4. What will be the output of the program?
class Equals { public static void main(String [] args) { int x = 100; double y = 100.1; boolean b = (x = y); /* Line 7 */ System.out.println(b); } }
Options- A. true
- B. false
- C. Compilation fails
- D. An exception is thrown at runtime Discuss
Correct Answer: Compilation fails
Explanation:
The code will not compile because in line 7, the line will work only if we use (x==y) in the line. The == operator compares values to produce a boolean, whereas the = operator assigns a value to variables.
Option A, B, and D are incorrect because the code does not get as far as compiling. If we corrected this code, the output would be false.
- 5. What will be the output of the program?
class Test { public static void main(String [] args) { int x=20; String sup = (x < 15)? "small" : (x < 22)? "tiny" : "huge"; System.out.println(sup); } }
Options- A. small
- B. tiny
- C. huge
- D. Compilation fails Discuss
Correct Answer: tiny
Explanation:
This is an example of a nested ternary operator. The second evaluation (x < 22) is true, so the "tiny" value is assigned to sup.
- 6. What will be the output of the program?
class Test { public static void main(String [] args) { Test p = new Test(); p.start(); } void start() { boolean b1 = false; boolean b2 = fix(b1); System.out.println(b1 + " " + b2); } boolean fix(boolean b1) { b1 = true; return b1; } }
Options- A. true true
- B. false true
- C. true false
- D. false false Discuss
Correct Answer: false true
Explanation:
The boolean b1 in the fix() method is a different boolean than the b1 in the start() method. The b1 in the start() method is not updated by the fix() method.
- 7. What will be the output of the program?
class BitShift { public static void main(String [] args) { int x = 0x80000000; System.out.print(x + " and "); x = x >>> 31; System.out.println(x); } }
Options- A. -2147483648 and 1
- B. 0x80000000 and 0x00000001
- C. -2147483648 and -1
- D. 1 and -2147483648 Discuss
Correct Answer: -2147483648 and 1
Explanation:
Option A is correct. The >>> operator moves all bits to the right, zero filling the left bits. The bit transformation looks like this:
Before: 1000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000
After: 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0000 0001
Option C is incorrect because the >>> operator zero fills the left bits, which in this case changes the sign of x, as shown.
Option B is incorrect because the output method print() always displays integers in base 10.
Option D is incorrect because this is the reverse order of the two output numbers.
- 8. What will be the output of the program?
class Test { static int s; public static void main(String [] args) { Test p = new Test(); p.start(); System.out.println(s); } void start() { int x = 7; twice(x); System.out.print(x + " "); } void twice(int x) { x = x*2; s = x; } }
Options- A. 7 7
- B. 7 14
- C. 14 0
- D. 14 14 Discuss
Correct Answer: 7 14
Explanation:
The int x in the twice() method is not the same int x as in the start() method. Start()'s x is not affected by the twice() method. The instance variable s is updated by twice()'s x, which is 14.
- 9. What will be the output of the program?
class SSBool { public static void main(String [] args) { boolean b1 = true; boolean b2 = false; boolean b3 = true; if ( b1 & b2 | b2 & b3 | b2 ) /* Line 8 */ System.out.print("ok "); if ( b1 & b2 | b2 & b3 | b2 | b1 ) /*Line 10*/ System.out.println("dokey"); } }
Options- A. ok
- B. dokey
- C. ok dokey
- D. No output is produced
- E. Compilation error Discuss
Correct Answer: dokey
Explanation:
The & operator has a higher precedence than the | operator so that on line 8 b1 and b2 are evaluated together as are b2 & b3. The final b1 in line 10 is what causes that if test to be true. Hence it prints "dokey".
- 10. What will be the output of the program?
class BoolArray { boolean [] b = new boolean[3]; int count = 0; void set(boolean [] x, int i) { x[i] = true; ++count; } public static void main(String [] args) { BoolArray ba = new BoolArray(); ba.set(ba.b, 0); ba.set(ba.b, 2); ba.test(); } void test() { if ( b[0] && b[1] | b[2] ) count++; if ( b[1] && b[(++count - 2)] ) count += 7; System.out.println("count = " + count); } }
Options- A. count = 0
- B. count = 2
- C. count = 3
- D. count = 4 Discuss
Correct Answer: count = 3
Explanation:
The reference variables b and x both refer to the same boolean array. count is incremented for each call to the set() method, and once again when the first if test is true. Because of the && short circuit operator, count is not incremented during the second if test.
Programming
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