In pressure-relief design for chemical equipment, what is the primary purpose of installing a rupture disc (bursting disc)?

Introduction / Context:
Overpressure protection is a fundamental layer of safety in process plants. Rupture discs (bursting discs) are non-reclosing pressure-relief devices that provide rapid, full-bore venting when a set differential pressure is exceeded.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• Static device designed to fail open at a calibrated burst pressure.
• Typically installed upstream of or in combination with relief valves, or as standalone protection.
• Applications include toxic, polymerizing, or fouling services where quick, reliable opening is needed.

Concept / Approach:
A rupture disc protects equipment by sacrificing itself: when internal pressure reaches the marked burst pressure at specified temperature, the disc ruptures, creating an immediate vent path that prevents vessel rupture. Discs can isolate a PRV from corrosive service, eliminate fugitive emissions through PRV seat leakage, or provide secondary protection.

Step-by-Step Solution:
Define the hazard: rising internal pressure beyond design limit.Device response: disc bursts at set pressure → instant large flow area.Outcome: vessel pressure is relieved to a flare or safe location, preserving equipment integrity.

Verification / Alternative check:
Industry codes and practices (e.g., API/ASME) recognize rupture discs as acceptable overpressure protection when properly sized and installed.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:
(b)–(d) are mixing/hydraulics objectives, not relief; (e) describes an orifice plate, not a safety device.

Common Pitfalls:
Ignoring temperature effects on burst pressure; installing the disc backwards; failing to account for back pressure or vacuum-support requirements.

Final Answer:
Relieving excess pressure during an upset