In November 2024, the Ministry of Railways planned to cover over 66,000 route km (rkm) out of its total network with the indigenous Automatic Train Protection (ATP) system named Kavach, by _____.

### Concept & Fact Check This question evaluates awareness of major national infrastructure initiatives and their official target completion years, specifically within Indian Railways. ### Step-by-Step Solution * **Given:** The implementation of the indigenous Automatic Train Protection (ATP) system, "Kavach", across 66,000 route kilometers. * **Fact Check:** The Ministry of Railways, under the leadership of Minister Ashwini Vaishnaw, has set a comprehensive target to cover the vast majority of the railway network with the Kavach system by the year 2030 to enhance passenger safety. * **Conclusion:** The targeted completion year is 2030. ### Exam Strategy & Shortcut Create a timeline chart of major government scheme deadlines. "Kavach rollout" aligns with several other "Vision 2030" infrastructure goals established by the government. ### Common Pitfall Guessing earlier dates like 2025 or 2027 due to the urgency of train safety, without realizing the immense logistical scale required to cover 66,000 rkm. ### Final Answer Therefore, the correct answer is **2030**.