Difficulty: Easy
Correct Answer: hydro electric power plant
Explanation:
Introduction / Context:
Operating (running) cost focuses on day-to-day expenses such as fuel, consumables, and routine operations. Capital cost and construction time are separate considerations. Knowing which plant type has the lowest running cost supports planning of base-load versus peak-load generation portfolios.
Given Data / Assumptions:
Concept / Approach:
Hydroelectric plants convert potential energy of stored water into electricity. Because there is no purchased fuel, their running cost is generally the lowest. Thermal and nuclear plants require continuous fuel supply and associated handling, making their operating cost higher even if fuel prices vary by region and time.
Step-by-Step Solution:
Verification / Alternative check:
Utility cost breakdowns routinely show minimal fuel expense for hydro units. Their primary recurring costs are operations, maintenance, and water management, which are modest per kWh compared to fossil or nuclear fuels.
Why Other Options Are Wrong:
Common Pitfalls:
Conflating operating cost with total cost of ownership; hydro may have high capital cost but still wins on running cost.
Final Answer:
hydro electric power plant
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