Plant structure/growth order (hierarchical/phenological): Arrange — a. Leaves, b. Branch, c. Flower, d. Tree, e. Fruit.

Introduction / Context:
This ordering problem blends structural hierarchy with typical plant development. A tree bears branches, which support leaves; flowering precedes fruiting.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• Entities: Tree → Branch → Leaves → Flower → Fruit.
• Assume a general case where leafing precedes flowering for simplicity (species can vary, but the exam expects the standard teaching sequence).

Concept / Approach:
Order by structural containment (tree contains branches; branches bear leaves/flowers) and by phenology (flowers lead to fruits).

Step-by-Step Solution:

Verification / Alternative check:
Consistent with typical growth/organ order in elementary botany and horticulture examples.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:
They place fruit before flowers or misorder structural containment.

Common Pitfalls:
Assuming flowering necessarily precedes all leafing (varies by species), but the exam’s conventional sequence uses leaves before flowers.

Final Answer:
d, b, a, c, e