Which planet in our Solar System is named after Jupiter, the chief Roman god who is the counterpart of the Greek god Zeus?

Introduction / Context:
Many planets in our Solar System are named after gods and goddesses from Roman mythology. Understanding the origin of these names helps in remembering planet names and also provides interesting cultural context. The Greek god Zeus and his Roman counterpart Jupiter were both regarded as king of the gods in their respective mythologies. This question checks whether you can correctly identify which planet is named after the Roman god Jupiter, who corresponds to the Greek god Zeus.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• Planets of the Solar System are often named after Roman deities.
• Zeus is a Greek god, while Jupiter is his Roman counterpart.
• The options list Mars, Earth, Venus, and Jupiter as candidate planets.
• We assume standard classical mythology associations without regional variations.

Concept / Approach:
The key idea is to recall that most planetary names follow Roman, not Greek, mythological naming. Mars corresponds to the Roman god of war, Venus to the Roman goddess of love, and Jupiter to the chief Roman god ruling the sky and thunder. Zeus is the Greek king of gods, and his Roman equivalent is Jupiter. Therefore, the planet named after the Roman form of Zeus is Jupiter itself. Earth is the only major planet whose name comes from Old English and Germanic roots and not directly from classical gods, so it can be ruled out quickly.

Step-by-Step Solution:
Step 1: Note that the question connects Zeus to his Roman form. Step 2: Recall that Zeus is the chief Olympic god in Greek mythology, ruling the sky and thunder. Step 3: Remember that the Roman mythology equivalent of Zeus is Jupiter. Step 4: Observe that among the given options, Jupiter is one of the planet names and matches the Roman god. Step 5: Conclude that the planet named after the Roman counterpart of Zeus is Jupiter.

Verification / Alternative check:
You can verify this by looking up a simple table of Greek and Roman god equivalents. Such tables commonly show pairs like Zeus Jupiter, Ares Mars, Aphrodite Venus, and Hermes Mercury. In school level astronomy or general knowledge books, the origin of planetary names is often explained, confirming that Jupiter is indeed named after the chief Roman god and not after a lesser deity. This supports the identification of Jupiter as the correct answer to the question.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:
Mars is named after the Roman god of war, corresponding to Ares in Greek mythology, so option A is not related to Zeus. Venus is named after the Roman goddess of love and beauty, corresponding to Aphrodite, so option C is also unrelated to Zeus. Earth is not named after a Roman god at all and has a more linguistic rather than mythological origin, so option B is incorrect. Only Jupiter corresponds directly to the Roman form of Zeus and gives its name to a planet.

Common Pitfalls:
A common mistake is to overlook the difference between Greek and Roman mythological names and to assume that the question may have been written incorrectly. Another error is to be distracted by familiar planet names like Mars or Venus without considering their actual mythological roles. To avoid confusion, always remember that most planets are named after Roman deities and that Zeus and Jupiter are a well known Greek Roman pair representing the king of the gods.

Final Answer:
The planet named after the Roman god who corresponds to the Greek god Zeus is Jupiter.