Biolistics — equipment for shooting DNA-coated particles into cells What is the laboratory device called that physically introduces DNA into cells using high-velocity, DNA-coated microprojectiles (biolistic transformation)?

Introduction / Context:
Transforming difficult-to-transfect cells (plant cells, some tissues) often requires physical delivery methods. The biolistic approach accelerates microscopic particles coated with DNA into target cells to achieve transient or stable integration. Recognizing the correct device name is essential for interpreting methods sections and designing protocols.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• DNA can be delivered by chemical, electrical, or physical means.
• Biolistics uses microprojectiles (gold or tungsten) and kinetic energy.
• The tool is purpose-built for this delivery method.

Concept / Approach:

The instrument is commonly termed a gene gun or biolistic particle delivery system. It uses pressurized helium or explosive charges to propel particles through cell walls/membranes. Lasers and inoculating needles are not used for ballistic DNA delivery; DNA probes detect sequences, not deliver them; electroporation is a different method relying on transient membrane permeabilization by electric pulses.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Verification / Alternative check:

Successful transformation is confirmed by reporter gene expression (e.g., GFP) or selection marker growth, validating gene gun delivery.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:

Laser microdissection isolates cells; probes detect nucleic acids; a needle inoculates cultures; electroporation is non-ballistic.

Common Pitfalls:

Overlooking tissue integrity and particle size, which affect viability and transformation efficiency.

Final Answer:

Gene gun (biolistic particle delivery system)