Difficulty: Medium
Correct Answer: All of the above
Explanation:
Introduction / Context:
Riveted steel connections (as treated in classic design texts and old codes) define nominal diameters and hole allowances to ensure proper driving and account for expansion/shrinkage during installation. Understanding these definitions is key for strength checks in shear and bearing.
Given Data / Assumptions:
Concept / Approach:
Hole diameters exceed nominal shank diameters to permit insertion and proper forming of the head. Shear area uses the nominal shank area, whereas net section of connected plates accounts for the hole diameter when evaluating plate capacity.
Step-by-Step Solution:
Step 1: Identify nominal rivet diameter: the pre-driven shank diameter (true).Step 2: Apply standard hole allowances: d + 1.5 mm for d < 25 mm; d + 2.0 mm for d ≥ 25 mm (true).Step 3: Recall that rivet shear area uses the nominal diameter (gross rivet area), not the hole diameter (true).Step 4: Therefore, all listed statements are correct.
Verification / Alternative check:
Classical steel design references and previous IS/BS practice show the same allowances and area definitions for rivets.
Why Other Options Are Wrong:
Any single statement taken alone misses the complete picture; the comprehensive, correct choice is “All of the above”.
Common Pitfalls:
Final Answer:
All of the above
Discussion & Comments