Astronomy for surveyors: Which statement correctly describes Polaris (the Pole Star) and the constellation Ursa Minor for practical field identification?

Introduction / Context:
Surveyors often use the Pole Star to determine true north and to perform astronomical checks. Knowing the correct identity and location of Polaris relative to the constellation Ursa Minor (the Little Dipper) is essential for accurate field work at night.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• The northern sky is considered, where Polaris is visible.
• “Pole Star” in current usage refers to Polaris, not any other star.
• Constellation names refer to patterns containing many stars, not single stars.

Concept / Approach:
Polaris is a single star positioned close to the north celestial pole. It is part of the constellation Ursa Minor and marks the end of the Little Dipper’s handle. Because it lies near the pole, the apparent diurnal motion is a small circle, helping surveyors align instruments to true north.

Step-by-Step Solution:
Identify the correct relationship: the Pole Star = Polaris (a single star).Identify its constellation: Polaris belongs to Ursa Minor.Therefore, the statement that correctly connects these facts is: “Polaris is the star commonly called the Pole Star and it lies in the constellation Ursa Minor.”

Verification / Alternative check:
Star charts show Polaris (Alpha Ursae Minoris) at the end of Ursa Minor’s handle, very close to the north celestial pole.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:
Ursa Minor always north of Polaris / Polaris always north of Ursa Minor: directions vary around the pole; these statements are not meaningful.“Pole Star” and “Polaris” different: incorrect; they are the same star in modern usage.Calling Polaris or Ursa Minor the name of the entire constellation: incorrect terminology.

Common Pitfalls:
Confusing the single star Polaris with the whole constellation or assuming “north of” has a fixed meaning around the celestial pole.

Final Answer:
Polaris is the star commonly called the Pole Star and it lies in the constellation Ursa Minor.