Plate load test field setup: Identify the correct statements about test pit size, central hole, and depth similitude for conducting a plate load test at a proposed foundation level.

Introduction / Context:
The plate load test estimates bearing capacity and settlement parameters in situ. Proper preparation of the test pit and central hole ensures boundary conditions that simulate the intended foundation behavior and minimize edge effects during loading.

Given Data / Assumptions:

• Rigid steel plate used (e.g., 300–750 mm square/circular).
• Test performed at the intended foundation depth.
• Practical field guidelines for pit and hole dimensions are followed.

Concept / Approach:

A sufficiently wide test pit reduces confinement from sidewalls; a central hole matching plate size ensures uniform stress beneath the plate at the correct depth. Maintaining geometric similitude between plate embedment and actual foundation helps convert plate results to prototype behavior.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Verification / Alternative check:

Field practice manuals and codes adopt similar dimensions to avoid side restraint and to represent prototype embedment conditions.

Why Other Options Are Wrong:

Since all listed practices are correct, the combined option “All the above” is the appropriate choice.

Common Pitfalls:

Placing the plate on an inadequately prepared surface; testing at ground level instead of formation level; neglecting seating load and settlement readings at load increments.

Final Answer:

All the above